In this paper, the combined and new methods in distribution network with distributed generation are introduced to allocate fixed cost fairly that is applicable for radial network. Allocation of fixed cost based MW-mile is not fairer method. Fixed cost allocated based on average or peak consumed power using MW-mile that is not fairer method. It is essential to a new method introduced. Unfair pricing under a power profile conditions is shown. Distributed generation (DG) resources can provide benefits to distribution and transmission networks and receive a reward charge. Allocation of DG reward must be fairly. Allocation of DG reward can be based on power loss reduction of loads therefore a new method is introduced and tested on 8-bus distribution network.

Different types of contact, including contact between node pairs, any-contact of nodes, and contacts of the entire network, are used to characterize social relations in mobile social networks. Different modes of routing, from the point of view of message delivery semantics, encompass unicasting, multicasting, any-casting, and broadcasting. Studies have shown that using probability distribution functions of contact data, which is mainly assumed to be homogeneous for nodes, improves the performance of these networks. However, there exists an important challenge in studies on distributions. A lot of works apply the distribution of one type of contact to other types. Hence in routing applications, it causes to use of the distribution of one type of contact for any mode of routing. This study provides a complete solution to model each type of homogeneous contact data distribution and to use them in different modes of routing. We propose a routing algorithm that uses this new model. Results show that our solution improves the average latency of comparing methods Epidemic, TCCB, and DR about 3.5-times, 30%, and 45%, respectively. It achieves a delivery rate of about 5% and 6%, and average latency about 6% and 8% better than that of DR and TCCB, respectively.

This study is conducted to identify and analyze the relationship between the factors affecting the distribution network design (DND) in the food distribution industry in Iran. In this paper, for the first time, the distribution network design has been classified into two main areas of the strategic structure of the distribution network and the distribution management policies and the impact of the key variables on distribution network design has been investigated. This study is descriptive, exploratory and using quantitative research method. The statistical population of this research is all 54 food distribution companies in Iran. Using a census method, a questionnaire was sent to all general and marketing managers of these companies (108 people). 92 questionnaires were completed, according to the established criteria, only 81 questionnaires could be used, which also covers the standards of Cochran formula. The partial least squares (PLS) method is used to analyze the data and the results indicate that product characteristics, service requirements, demand characteristics, supply characteristics, and economic variables are the key variables that affect the distribution network design. Given the lack of research on the distribution network design and the study of the factors affecting the formation of strategic distribution structures and policies, it can be argued that this article provides valuable insights for academics and professionals, because in the very study the various components of distribution network design, the decisions related to the design of the distribution network and the analysis of the main factors affecting the distribution network structure are presented.

There are direct relationships between leakage and consumption in the distribution network with the pressure. Due to the relationship between leakage and consumption with pressure, those can be reduced by the reduction of the pressure. One of the best and most cost-effective methods in order to reduce the leakage is pressure management. By installing pressure reducing valves, we can reduce the network pressure. In order to operate the pressure reducing valves better in the network, it is important to determine their optimum position and regulated pressure. In this research, we investigated the optimal position for installing pressure reducing valves in the water distribution network. The study is conducted by using a dynamic link between MATLAB and EPANET and a review of all possible states for installing pressure reducing valves. The research is considered as a multi-objective case. It was considered as a multi-objective case. The objective functions in this research are: minimizing the rate of leakage and consumption in the network, Minimizing the points with the pressure more than the tube's capacity and minimizing the number of nodes with a pressure lower than the standard rate. These analyzes were conducted over a 24-hour period. Based on the results, by installing three pressure reducing valves in optimal position and pressure-regulation from 40 m to 33 m in Birjand network, the average of consumption and leakage in 24 hours was reduced to 48. 24 liters per second, compared to the situation with the same number of pressers reducing valves were installed in different position. As it is derived from the results, this approach has a very high efficiency in reducing the leakage and consumption in the water distribution network.

The global population is booming, and Iran is no exception. This additional capacity is placing considerable strain on many aspects of human life; in particular on transport. Fossil fuels will continue to play an important part of the transport fuel mix, and therefore the limited and dwindling reserves need to be optimized for economic, social and environmental reasons. The goal of this research is to determine the gasoline transport capacity from ports of the country and local refineries to different destinations throughout Iran. It is the aim of the study to determine an optimization alternative for the gasoline transport capacity from and to each specified destination by applying the trans-shipment model. The goal is to minimize transport expenses due to sending gasoline from two sources to seventy seven destinations, by using forty seven intermediate points and 6, 076 decision variables (transport direction). By achieving this goal, industry is confronted with demand and supply restrictions, simplicity of use and non-negative portable gasoline capacity. Referring to the results obtained, the expense of 73% of gasoline transport by pipe-line was 70%, and for road transport of 23%, it came to 25% of the total gasoline transport expenses Share of transfer by ship for 3.4% yields an expense equal to 5%, and in addition the results show a 17% cost saving of the gasoline distribution expense in 1387.

The paper is to consider milk distribution network in Iran. In this regard first of all the economic indexes of milk market consist of production, consumption, per capita consumption, export and import are studied. After that the viewpoints of milk producers, consumers and distributors about main issues of distribution network such as:protection polices, organization of policy making and legislation, sort of market, size of market, cost distribution, period of distribution, standardization and price fluctuation are studied. There have been attempts to recognize weaknesses and strengths of such a network from production to consumption depending on the current theories, norms, and field studies.The results indicate that the share of organized and large companies and chain stores in distribution network in Iran is small.There is a narrow gap between production and consumption and the main reason for high price gap between consumption and production is high cost of transportation and rottenness. Producers, consumers and distributors are assented to effective presence of government in all steps of distribution network and to go on certified milk purchase. Consumers propose to provide milk for students and the deprived, but producers and distributors are believed in changing current protection polices for production.